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Exercise is a very important strategy and measure for the prevention, treatment and rehabilitation of cardiovascular diseases. Exercise can improve cardiopulmonary endurance and reduce the incidence and mortality of cardiovascular diseases. However, we often see news of sudden death in sports. What's the matter? In fact, there is no contradiction between the two. Exercise is a good medicine, but different amounts and effects on different people vary greatly. 1、 It is well known that exercise is beneficial to health, and sedentary behavior is directly related to the increase of cardiovascular incidence rate and mortality, and the incidence rate of diabetes. The risk of death increases with the increase of sedentary time and decreases with the increase of exercise.

The group with sedentary behavior will also reduce the risk of death after increasing the amount of exercise. Exercise can not only improve heart and lung endurance, but also improve blood pressure Blood glucose, blood lipids, body mass index（BMI) and other cardiovascular disease risk factors.

IIExercise poses health risks to some people

With the development of the times, the public is not satisfied with daily sports. More and more people participate in high-intensity sports and sports events, such as half-marathon, full-marathon, 100-kilometer cross-country race, triathlon, and so on.

Although there is a dose-dependent relationship between the amount of exercise and the benefit of cardiopulmonary function, it is inevitable that the risk of cardiovascular disease will increase with the increase of exercise intensity. In addition to arrhythmia, people are most concerned about sudden cardiac death and acute myocardial infarction. For competitive athletes, the incidence of sudden cardiac death can reach0.4/100000~3.3/100000.

For the general population, aging is a risk factor for sudden cardiac death and acute myocardial infarction. Several studies also suggest that the risk of sudden cardiac death in men is higher than that in women. Sudden cardiac death can occur during exercise, after exercise and at rest.

The exercise-related sudden death of Chinese people is mostly cardiogenic, and the risk of male is significantly higher than that of female, and the sudden death is mainly concentrated inTeenagers and retirees aged 15 to 20 years old. Relevant sports include long-distance running, track and field, basketball and football. When different people are engaged in the same exercise, for example, individuals with different age, sex, and different cardiovascular disease risk factors participate in long-distance running, the risk of sudden death may vary by nearly 100 times.

IIIAnalysis of the causes of exercise-related sudden cardiac death

Although habitual exercise can help reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease, high-intensity exercise can increase the risk of sudden cardiac death, acute myocardial infarction and stroke. The hypercoagulable state caused by myocardial ischemia and dehydration and arrhythmia induced by exercise are the possible mechanisms of sudden cardiac death. Dehydration or improper rehydration during long-distance running may also cause abnormal electrolyte concentration. There are certain hidden dangers and risks for those who have not received professional training and have potential cardiovascular diseases.

There are slight differences in the causes of exercise-related sudden cardiac death among different populations, ages and sexes. In previous studies, coronary artery disease and exercise-induced myocardial ischemia were the main causes of exercise-related sudden cardiac death in adults. There are also many studies showing that seemingly healthy athletes have significantly increased risks of right ventricular dysfunction, myocardial fibrosis, coronary atherosclerosis and atrial fibrillation.

4、The importance of cardiopulmonary endurance is increasing

In recent years, many studies have shown the importance of cardiopulmonary endurance in predicting individual adverse health risks. People with better central lung endurance in the population have lower incidence rate and mortality of cardiovascular diseases.

In patients with cardiovascular diseases, the risk of clinical adverse events decreases with the increase of cardiopulmonary endurance. Epidemiological studies show that every week150 min moderate intensity physical activity or 75 min high intensity physical activity is related to reducing the incidence rate of cardiovascular disease and premature mortality.

WHO advocates at least 150 minutes of moderate intensity or 75 minutes of high-intensity aerobic exercise every week to reduce the incidence rate and mortality of cardiovascular diseases. Domestic data show that half of the boys and two-thirds of the girls aged 12 to 15 do not have a healthy heart and lung endurance; Among obese young people, only one fifth of them have reached a healthy level of cardiopulmonary endurance.

Therefore, enhancing cardiopulmonary endurance is one of the important means to improve human health, prevent disease and prolong life.