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According to the newly published epidemiological data, there are aboutAmong 245 million adult hypertensive patients, the prevalence rate of hypertension in adults over the age of 18 is about 27.9%, that is to say, there are 3 hypertensive patients in every 10 adults, so hypertension is also known as "the first disease in China".

What is hypertension

Blood pressure refers to the lateral pressure of blood on the vessel wall, just like the pressure of water in the water pipe on the inner wall of the water pipe.

Without antihypertensive drugsHypertension can be diagnosed as systolic blood pressure>140mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure>90mmHg measured three times in the clinic on the same day. The blood pressure was measured continuously and normatively for 5-7 days in the family, and the average blood pressure>135/85mmHg could be considered as hypertension.

Detailed classification of blood pressure standards:

<120/80mmHg, which is the ideal blood pressure value for adults;

120/80~139/89mmHg, belonging to the high value of normal blood pressure; 140/90~159/99mmHg, belonging to grade 1 hypertension; 160/100~179/109mmHg, belonging to grade 2 hypertension; 180/110mmHg and above belong to grade 3 hypertension.

What is the relationship between hypertension and the incidence rate of cardiovascular disease?

Blood pressure level fromFrom 110/75mmHg, the risk of cardiovascular disease continues to increase with the increase of blood pressure.

（1) When the blood pressure is 120 ～ 129/80 ～ 84mmHg, the risk of cardiovascular disease is doubled;

（2) When blood pressure is 140~149/90~94mmHg, the risk of cardiovascular disease is increased by two times;

（3) When blood pressure>180/110mmHg, the risk of cardiovascular disease increased by 10 times.

Hypertension and atherosclerosis

Hypertension is a risk factor for atherosclerosis, and atherosclerosis is also easy to cause hypertension.

The main reason is that the elasticity of blood vessels becomes worse after vascular sclerosis, leading to increased blood pressure. At the same time, hypertension can further aggravate atherosclerosis, because hypertension will damage vascular endothelial cells, make vascular smooth muscle cells proliferate, and cause inflammatory reactions. Therefore, hypertension and atherosclerosis are cause and effect and promote each other, forming a vicious circle.

What harm does hypertension cause to the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular system?

one、coronary heart disease

Hypertension is an important risk factor for coronary heart disease, because when blood pressure rises, the pressure of blood on the vascular wall increases, promoting the entry of lipids into the arterial wall, leading to intimal damage. Atherosclerotic changes occur in the blood vessels. After Congee, the blood vessels will narrow, the blood flow in the blood vessels will decrease, the cardiac ejection resistance will increase, the heart needs more power to pump blood, and the heart will be overloaded for a long time, This causes insufficient blood supply to the myocardium and leads to the occurrence of coronary heart disease.

two、heart failure

Long-term high blood pressure will lead to the overload of the heart, especially the left ventricle. The left ventricle thickens and the myocardial contractility of the patient decreases, leading to acute left heart failure attack, cough, dyspnea and other symptoms. With the development of the disease, cardiac function decreases, and left heart failure spreads to right heart failure, which leads to heart failure.

three、Cerebrovascular disease

The main harm of hypertension to the brain is to affect the cerebral arteries. In the early stage of hypertension, there is only systemic arteriospasm, and there is no obvious organic change in the blood vessels. If the blood pressure continues to increase for many years, the blood vessel wall will gradually harden and lose its elasticity, and the blood vessels will gradually narrow and occlude. The basal layer and outer membrane of the internal cerebral artery are not developed, the blood vessel wall is relatively weak, the auto-regulation function of the blood vessel is poor, and the long-term increase of blood pressure, mental tension and violent fluctuation of blood pressure cause cerebral artery spasm, which can promote the occurrence of cerebrovascular diseases.

Clinically, the cerebrovascular diseases caused by hypertension mainly include cerebral hemorrhage, hypertensive encephalopathy and lacunar cerebral infarction, and cerebral hemorrhage is the most common complication of late hypertension. The mortality rate of cerebral hemorrhage is generally high, and even if it survives, it will leave sequelae such as hemiplegia or aphasia.